Brazilian Peppertree Stalk Terrifically boring Weevil, Apocnemidophorus pipitzi
During the Their state, where it absolutely was put-out regarding 1950s, Age. unguiculus are generally marketed on Brazilian peppertree, but the bug appear to isn’t sufficiently abundant to seriously wreck brand new bush (Yoshioka and you can , private observance). The newest ineffectiveness out-of Age. unguiculus as a physiological handle agent about Destinations get getting due partly to biotic mortality issues book compared to that ecosystem. Such as for example, several wasps which were produced into The state to have traditional biological handle of sugar cane leafroller Hedylepta (=Omiodes) accepta (Butler) was escort in Norfolk basically receive assaulting Age. unguiculus soon after it was put out against Brazilian peppertree (Krauss 1963).
The latest men and women from Good
In the event sufficient biological power over Brazilian peppertree by the Age. unguiculus was not achieved from the Hawaiian archipelago, this inability must not prevent the development of the newest bug towards the Fl. Episimus unguiculus is a much better physical manage agent of Brazilian peppertree from inside the Florida since it will be delivered on good the new environment where biotic death out of produced and you may native parasitoids and you may predators are reduced big versus Their state. Machine diversity research are finished, and a production petition is actually submitted to brand new Tag during the (Cuda et al. 2019). However, Tag did not suggest job discharge inside the Fl from the threat of obvious race having native Episimus spp., plus the prospect of the fresh bug to assault grown pistachio on the unrealistic knowledge you to definitely Age. unguiculus emigrated so you’re able to southern area Ca and you may Washington. The risk in order to nontarget bugs and flowers away from E. unguiculus was career examined by using the F1 Sterile Bug Approach (Cuda 2016). Creation of F1 sterile progeny is received by adding the latest adult generation so you can low dosage of gamma rays (Moeri et al. 2009). This will assists findings with the survival and effect of your F1 larvae with the nontarget flowers under actual career requirements without exposure out of long lasting place, as grownups made out of new F1 larvae are completely sterile.
Surveys held recently inside northern Argentina (McKay mais aussi al. 2009), and southeastern Paraguay revealed the existence of multiple new pure opponents regarding Brazilian peppertree. Of the have been a couple types of base dull weevils belonging to the genus Apocnemidophorus Hustache. The brand new weevils end up like bird droppings and immediately drop-off this new flowers if they are disrupted. Grownups of Apocnemidophorus pipitzi (Faust) have been gathered when you look at the southeastern Paraguay and imported towards the a fl containment research from inside the . According to Wibmer and you will O’Brien (1986), A. pipitzi are native to Argentina, Brazil, and you can Uruguay. An examination of weevil specimens deposited regarding entomology art gallery out-of the fresh new Government College or university out of Parana for the Curitiba, Brazil, indicated that stuff off A great. pipitzi were made in the us off Parana, Santa Catarina, and you can Minas Gerais. pipitzi for the Paraguay is actually a different sort of country number for it kinds.
The new thickness away from Good
The people diversity in size regarding cuatro to help you seven mm in duration and therefore are grayish brown when you look at the color, which have real time specimens tend to searching a great deal more creamy than just grayish (Figure 5). A heavy spot regarding light scales is obviously obvious on the sides of pronotum that’s quicker pronounced toward bottom part of your own abdomen. The rest of one’s human anatomy has actually just a few scattered elements with white balances. Indeed there are numerous patches away from black balances across the elytra, being clearly visible under magnification, supplying the elytra (forewings) a somewhat mottled looks.
pipitzi are readily distinguishable. Based on C. W. O’Brien (personm.), you will find apparent variations in the fresh rostrum (snout) and you can antennal insertion in males and females of Good. pipitzi. This new female has actually an evenly curved relatively evenly cylindrical rostrum with no difference between diameter or curvature on antennal insertion. Alternatively, the fresh new boys have a robust dorsal extension during the antennal installation, as well as the rostrum are narrowed outside of the insertion, firmly tilted ventrally, and you will dorsally hit bottom. This can be apparent even yet in really small specimens. Almost every other species of the fresh genus, some quite similar in features, do not have eg noticeable male variations in the new rostrum.